Applications: Malware can be developed and deployed as malicious apps that users unwittingly install on their devices. Mobile security solutions should be able to detect and block downloads of these malicious apps.

Network: Mobile devices and the legitimate apps that run on them can be targeted at the network level. Man-in-the-Middle, phishing, and other attacks take advantage of network connectivity to steal data or deliver malicious content. Mobile security involves blocking these network-level attacks.

OS: Both iOS and Android operating systems can contain exploitable vulnerabilities, which are used for jailbreaking/rooting devices either by users or by malware. This provides an attacker with advanced permissions on the device, breaking its security model. Mobile security incorporates real-time risk assessments, configuration monitoring, and other tools to detect exploitation of device vulnerabilities.